Graphics and Photo » 3D Modeling:

GarlicSim is a platform for writing, running and analyzing simulations. It is general enough to handle any kind of simulation: Physics, game theory, epidemic spread, electronics, etc.

Wings 3D is a free and open source polygon mesh subdivision modeller ideally suited for modeling and texturing low to medium density polygon meshes. It has a wide range of very effective tools optimised for these tasks hidden behind its ‘minimalistic’ interface.

Axel is an algebraic geometric modeler which aims to provide “algebraic modeling” tools for the manipulation and computation with implicit and parametric curves or surfaces.

The Persistence of Vision Raytracer, or POV-Ray, is a cross platform ray tracing program for creating stunning three-dimensional graphics.

OGRE (Object-Oriented Graphics Rendering Engine) is a scene-oriented, flexible 3D engine written in C++ designed to make it easier and more intuitive for developers to produce applications utilising hardware-accelerated 3D graphics.

OpenFX is an Open-Source 3D modeling, animation and rendering suite created by Dr. Stuart Ferguson. Its powerful feature-set includes a full renderer and raytrace engine, NURBS support, kinematics-based animation, morphing, and an extensive plugin API.

Art of Illusion is a 3D modelling and rendering studio. It is written entirely in Java, and should be usable on any Java Virtual Machine.

Crystal Space is a free cross-platform software development kit for realtime 3D graphics and in particular games. Officially supports Linux, OSX and Windows.

Blender is a respected 3D content creation suite, available for all major operating systems and distributed under GPL licensing. Create models, shade, animate and make interactive 3D.